Legal Analysts and Commentator

Somaliland has long been a region of complex clan dynamics and political turbulence. However, recent events have brought simmering tensions to a boiling point, particularly within the Garhajis Clan, who considers themselves the vast majority of Somaliland's population and resides in five of the six regions in the Somaliland territory. On August 2023, a significant decision emerged from the clan leaders of the Habar Jelo sub-clan of Isaaq, a pivotal moment in the political landscape of Somaliland. The decision aimed to resolve a contentious political dispute over the election timetable, which had previously sparked violence and unrest. The resolution, welcomed by all parties involved, signified a step towards stability and democratic progress in the region. Central to the resolution was the decree to hold a presidential election in November 2024, aligning it with the qualification elections of political parties. Additionally, the clan leaders instructed the Garhajis clan militia

  In recent years, the Somaliland National Intelligence Agency (NIA) has faced mounting scrutiny for its alleged involvement in illegal detentions, marking a serious violation of both national laws and fundamental human rights principles. One particularly alarming incident has cast a harsh light on the agency's conduct: the detention of a journalist who was subsequently tried in a military court. This event not only underscores concerns about the NIA's overreach but also highlights the misuse of military courts, which should strictly preside over cases involving armed individuals committing crimes. Somaliland's Constitution stands as the supreme law of the land, providing a foundational framework for governance and the protection of citizens' rights. Article 104, known as "The Courts and Procuracy of the Armed Forces," explicitly delineates the jurisdiction of military courts. It states that these courts are intended to try armed individuals for offenses rel

  Somaliland and Ethiopia have embarked on a historic accord, marking a significant milestone in regional diplomacy. The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) involves the lease of a 20 km square area of sea territory by Somaliland to Ethiopia for a period of 50 years. However, the agreement goes beyond mere territorial utilization; it signifies a substantial diplomatic shift, with Ethiopia promising full recognition of Somaliland's sovereignty within the MoU framework. The leased sea territory holds immense strategic value due to its location along the Red Sea Gate. This location provides Ethiopia, a landlocked nation, access to the sea, facilitating trade and maritime activities crucial for its economic growth. It serves as a vital gateway for Ethiopia's imports and exports, bypassing the congested Djibouti ports. For Somaliland, the agreement translates into significant economic gains. The lease payments from Ethiopia over the 50-year period will inject substantial capital i

  Female journalists in Somaliland and Somalia grapple with multifaceted barriers within societal norms and media institutions, hindering their professional growth. They face gender biases, limited roles, and insufficient support, impeding their recognition and opportunities in journalism. These challenges highlight the urgent need for equitable support, resources, and recognition, emphasizing the necessity for inclusive efforts to empower female journalists and break down systemic barriers in the field.

  In the heart of Somaliland, a dangerous rift is tearing at the fabric of society. The Isaaqi clans, have plunged into a bitter feud over the coveted presidential seat. What started as a struggle for power has escalated into a volatile situation reminiscent of Rwanda's tragic events in 1994. The Garxajis clan, entrenched in five out of the six regions of Somaliland, spearheads the opposition. They adamantly claim that it's their rightful turn to hold the presidential seat. Their demands are coupled with threats of employing force if elections aren't promptly conducted. On the other side, the incumbent president's clan staunchly defends their leader, urging the opposition to back down. This clash isn't merely about political power; it's a perilous game of rhetoric and brinkmanship, played out through the media. The words hurled between these rival factions are not just heated exchanges—they're seeds of hatred sown in the fertile soil of societal divisi

Stories *Farxiya, a resilient 24-year-old, faced a daunting conundrum as she embarked on her quest for employment. Determined and full of aspirations, she ventured forth, hoping to kickstart her career. However, what she encountered wasn't the encouraging welcome to the professional world she had anticipated. Instead, she was met with an unnerving reality: pervasive pressure from potential employers seeking to exploit her dignity in exchange for a job. "After completing my bachelor's degree in accounting, In my pursuit of a job, I felt like I was constantly pushed against a wall, forced to compromise my self-respect just to secure a position. It was demoralizing," Farxiya shared. Her dreams were shackled by the systemic issue plaguing many female job seekers—an insidious underbelly of sexual assault and harassment. Sadly, Farxiya's story was not a solitary narrative; countless women faced similar ordeals when seeking employment. "I felt trapped. I cou

  This article is a testament to the complexities and challenges that arise when engaging private security companies in conflict zones, urging stakeholders to tread cautiously and prioritize the protection of human rights and stability above all else.

  Today, on this International Day of People with Disabilities, let us unite in demanding action from Somalia's authorities and stakeholders. It's time to move beyond rhetoric and take tangible steps towards creating a more equitable, inclusive society—one where the rights and dignity of every individual, regardless of ability, are upheld and protected

  In the pursuit of justice, the treatment of individuals within the legal system must adhere to fundamental principles of human dignity and fairness. The international community has long recognized the fundamental human rights of individuals, even in situations of detention or imprisonment. The Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment is a cornerstone in safeguarding these rights universally. The Body of Principles, established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1988, unequivocally states that there should be no restriction or derogation from the human rights of individuals under any form of detention or imprisonment. This includes but is not limited to, the right to humane treatment, access to legal counsel, protection against torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, and the right to a fair trial. Somaliland, as a responsible member of the international community, voluntarily accepted the obligations out

 The East African Community (EAC) stands as a beacon of regional cooperation and economic integration, fostering collaboration among member states for shared growth and development. As Somalia navigates its path to stability and progress, the question arises: Can Somalia obtain mutual benefits by joining or deepening its engagement with the EAC? Somalia, a nation with a complex history of conflict and instability, has been on a trajectory towards stability and reconstruction in recent years. Its potential inclusion within the EAC carries both promises and challenges, presenting a dynamic landscape of opportunities and considerations. Joining the EAC could potentially unlock various economic opportunities for Somalia. Access to a larger market comprising Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi would provide a platform for Somali goods and services to reach a wider consumer base. Increased trade facilitation and reduction in tariff barriers could spur economic growth and enhance

  The complexity of Somaliland's struggle goes far beyond the surface conflict in Las'Anod, delving into a web of global interests, regional power plays, and ideological clashes. At its core, this conflict embodies more than a Clan’s demand for secession—it's a stage for geopolitical maneuvering.  

  Corruption in Somaliland has resulted in severe consequences for the nation. The lack of essential services such as health, education, water, and sanitation is a direct result of this pervasive corruption. The destruction of newly built bridges and the DP World project serve as glaring examples of mass corruption and looting by those in power. The President's lack of foresight, extension of presidential and parliamentary terms, and the absence of an independent judiciary further contribute to the lack of accountability of the power holders. Corruption within Somaliland has wrought devastating consequences, most acutely felt in critical sectors like health, education, and infrastructure. The ramifications of this systemic issue are profound, casting a dark shadow over the lives of the populace and stalling progress in the nation. The misappropriation of funds meant for public services has left citizens without adequate healthcare, education, and essential amenities. Hospitals st

  The position of legal plurality is characterized by overlapping and sometimes conflicting nonhierarchical coexistence of statutory law, customary law ( Xeer ), and sharia. All three systems of law are available in Somali territories, especially in the major towns. the numerous, overlapping, and even contradicting sources of law, determining primacy and jurisdiction has become extremely difficult and contentious. This, together with a widespread public misunderstanding and distrust of formal judiciary, and efforts by some Islamic court leaders to impose fundamentalist beliefs through Shari'a, creates a dangerous combination. Sharia and customary law are applied in Somaliland to resolve personal and family issues. The 1975 Family Law is not commonly used, despite the fact that Somaliland inherited laws passed by Somalia prior to 1991, such as the Somali Penal and Civil Codes, which are still in effect in its courts. In the 1970s, Somalia experienced a progressive shift in fami

  In this article, we will explore the concerns surrounding Somaliland's National Intelligence Agency. Despite being a non-law enforcement agency, it operates detention centers, which is illegal and poses a threat to human rights and national security. Additionally, we will discuss how the agency's focus on limiting freedom of speech hampers its ability to fulfill its responsibilities. The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) is a critical entity responsible for safeguarding Somaliland's national security. It plays a crucial role in gathering intelligence, counterintelligence, and protecting the country's interests both domestically and internationally. The agency was established with the purpose of safeguarding national security and collecting intelligence information, operating independently from the police. Its primary focus is to ensure the safety and welfare of the citizens of Somaliland. Its primary responsibility is to collect and analyze intelligence to support

  This article explores the detrimental impact of the clan system on democracy in Somaliland, and highlights the challenges faced in achieving fair and inclusive elections and the consequences of the clan system on society and governance. The article aims to raise awareness and promote efforts to address these challenges. Somaliland, a self-proclaimed entity in the Horn of Africa, encounters substantial hurdles in upholding a robust democracy and safeguarding human rights. The enduring influence wielded by the Clan system and traditional elders has emerged as a significant impediment to both progress and accountability. Despite conducting regular elections and presenting a functional democratic framework in contrast to its war-ravaged neighbor, the persisting presence of the Clan system and traditional elders remains a formidable obstacle to the country's democratic institutions and human rights track record. Following a devastating civil war, Somaliland declared independence f